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Koksingh Maghaya vs. The State Of Madhya Pradesh

Final Order
Court:High Court of Madhya Pradesh (Gwalior Bench)
Judge:Hon'ble Unknown Judge
Case Status:Disposed
Order Date:25 Aug 2014
CNR:MPHC030159522014

AI Summary

High Court of Madhya Pradesh grants anticipatory bail to Koksingh Maghaya in a case involving alleged caste-based abusive language and threats. The court examines whether mere utterance of caste names constitutes an offense under the SC/ST Act, applying established judicial precedent to determine the threshold for criminal liability.

Ratio Decidendi:
To constitute an offense under Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act, the alleged insult or intimidation must be done with intent to humiliate a member belonging to that particular community in public view. Merely calling a person by their caste name is not sufficient to constitute the offense; the prosecution must establish the requisite intent to humiliate.
Obiter Dicta:
The court noted that except for the offense under Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act, the remaining offenses under Sections 294 and 352 of the IPC are bailable offenses, which supports the grant of anticipatory bail.

Case Identifiers

Primary Case No:MCRC.7123.2014
Case Type:Criminal Miscellaneous
Case Sub-Type:Anticipatory Bail Application Under Section 438 Cr.P.C.
Secondary Case Numbers:205200071232014, MPHC030159522014
Order Date:2014-08-25
Filing Year:2014
Court:High Court of Madhya Pradesh
Bench:Single Judge
Judges:Hon'ble M.K. Mudgal

Petitioner's Counsel

Amit Bansal
Advocate - Appeared

Respondent's Counsel

Pramod Pachauri
Public Prosecutor - Appeared

eCourtsIndia AITM

Brief Facts Summary

On July 22, 2014, Koksingh Maghaya allegedly hurled abusive language at Mamta Khatik, a woman belonging to a scheduled caste, calling her offensive caste-related names such as 'Madar Chod', 'kutiya', and 'khatikani', and threatened to rape her. A criminal complaint was filed, and a case was registered as Crime No. 212 of 2014 at Police Station City Bhitarwar, Gwalior. The applicant apprehended arrest and filed an anticipatory bail application in the High Court. The applicant claimed false implication due to political rivalry, as his brother is the President of the Municipal Council and had conflicts with the complainant.

Timeline of Events

2014-07-22

Alleged incident: Koksingh Maghaya hurled abusive language at Mamta Khatik, calling her caste-related offensive names and threatening to rape her

2014-07-22

Criminal case registered as Crime No. 212 of 2014 at Police Station City Bhitarwar, Gwalior

2014-08-06

Koksingh Maghaya filed anticipatory bail application (MCRC.7123.2014) in the High Court of Madhya Pradesh

2014-08-12

First hearing of the bail application before Judge M.K. Mudgal

2014-08-25

Final hearing and order granting anticipatory bail

Key Factual Findings

The complainant was abused by calling her caste name

Source: Recited from Petitioner Pleading and Prosecution Case

The applicant's brother is the President of the Municipal Council Bhitarwar

Source: Recited from Petitioner Pleading

The complainant Mamta Khatik had political rivalry with the applicant's brother

Source: Recited from Petitioner Pleading

The alleged abusive words included 'Madar Chod', 'kutiya', and 'khatikani'

Source: Recited from Prosecution Case

The applicant threatened to rape the complainant

Source: Recited from Prosecution Case

Primary Legal Issues

1.Whether mere utterance of caste-based names constitutes an offense under Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act
2.Whether the alleged conduct meets the threshold of criminal intimidation and threat under Sections 294 and 352 of the IPC
3.Whether anticipatory bail should be granted when the applicant apprehends arrest for alleged caste-based offenses

Secondary Legal Issues

1.Whether political rivalry and vendetta can be grounds for false implication in criminal cases
2.The evidentiary standard required to establish intent to humiliate a member of a scheduled caste community
3.The applicability of bail principles in cases involving alleged offenses against scheduled castes

Questions of Law

Does merely calling a person by their caste name constitute an offense under Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act? Answer: No, mere calling by caste is not sufficient; there must be intent to humiliate in public view.
What is the threshold for criminal liability under the SC/ST Act? Answer: The alleged insult or intimidation must be done with intent to humiliate a member belonging to that particular community in public view.

Statutes Applied

Criminal Procedure Code
Section 438
Provision for grant of anticipatory bail; the court applied this section to grant bail to the applicant in the event of arrest
Indian Penal Code
Section 294
Offense of obscene acts and words; cited as one of the charges against the applicant for alleged abusive language
Indian Penal Code
Section 352
Offense of intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace; cited as one of the charges against the applicant
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act
Section 3(1)(x)
Offense of insulting or intimidating a member of scheduled caste with intent to humiliate; the court examined whether the alleged conduct meets this threshold

Petitioner's Arguments

The applicant's counsel argued that: (1) The applicant has been falsely implicated due to political vengeance, as the applicant's brother is the President of the Municipal Council and had political rivalry with the complainant; (2) The applicant has not committed any offense as alleged by the prosecution; (3) Mere uttering of a caste-related word does not constitute an offense under Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act, relying on the precedent of Rajendra Kumar Shukla vs. State of M.P.; (4) Except for the offense under Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act, the remaining offenses (Sections 294 and 352 of IPC) are bailable; (5) Therefore, anticipatory bail should be granted.

Respondent's Arguments

The Public Prosecutor opposed the bail application and prayed for its dismissal, arguing that the charges are serious and the applicant should not be released on bail.

Court's Reasoning

The court examined the prosecution case and found that the complainant was abused by calling her caste name. However, the court applied the legal principle established in K. Padma Reddy vs. Station House Officer Bellampalli (2004 CriLJ 503 AP) that to attract Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act, the alleged insult or intimidation must be done with intent to humiliate a member belonging to that particular community in public view. The court concluded that merely calling by caste is not sufficient to constitute the offense. Considering the facts and circumstances of the case, the court deemed it appropriate to allow the anticipatory bail application. The court granted bail on the condition that the applicant furnish a personal bond of Rs. 25,000 with one solvent surety in the like amount, and comply with specified conditions including cooperation in investigation and trial, and not inducing or threatening witnesses.

Statutory Interpretation Method:
Purposive InterpretationHarmonious Construction
Judicial Philosophy Indicators:
  • Emphasis on intent and mens rea in criminal law
  • Protection of individual liberty through bail provisions
  • Reliance on established precedent to ensure consistency in law
Order Nature:Substantive
Disposition Status:Disposed
Disposition Outcome:Allowed

Impugned Orders

Police Station City Bhitarwar, Gwalior
Case: Crime No. 212 of 2014
Date:

Specific Directions

  1. 1.Applicant shall be released on bail on furnishing personal bond of Rs. 25,000 with one solvent surety in the like amount to the satisfaction of Arresting Authority
  2. 2.Applicant shall comply with all terms and conditions of the bond executed
  3. 3.Applicant shall cooperate in investigation and trial
  4. 4.Applicant shall not indulge in extending inducement, threat or promise to any person acquainted with facts of the case to dissuade them from disclosing facts to Court or Police
  5. 5.Copy of order to be sent to Court concerned for compliance

Precedential Assessment

Persuasive (Other HC)

This is a single judge order from the Madhya Pradesh High Court dealing with the interpretation of Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act. While not binding on other courts, it provides persuasive authority on the threshold for criminal liability under the SC/ST Act, particularly the requirement of intent to humiliate in public view. The order relies on and reinforces established precedent from other High Courts.

Tips for Legal Practice

1.In SC/ST Act cases, the prosecution must establish not only the utterance of caste-related words but also the intent to humiliate a member of the scheduled caste community in public view; mere utterance is insufficient for conviction
2.Anticipatory bail can be granted in SC/ST Act cases if the court finds that the threshold for criminal liability has not been clearly established, particularly when relying on established precedent
3.Allegations of political vendetta and false implication, while not determinative, are relevant considerations in bail applications and should be examined by the court

Legal Tags

Anticipatory bail grant criteria and conditions in criminal casesSC ST Act section 3 1 x offense threshold and intent requirementCaste based insult and humiliation criminal offense IndiaBail principles in scheduled caste protection act casesPolitical vendetta and false implication in criminal prosecutionMens rea and intent in criminal law application IndiaHigh Court bail jurisdiction and discretionary powersWitness protection and non interference conditions in bail ordersBailable and non bailable offenses under Indian Penal CodePrecedent application in SC ST Act offense determination
ILR (2011) M.P. 1745
Rajendra Kumar Shukla vs. State of M.P.
2011Madhya Pradesh High Court
Mere uttering of a caste name does not constitute an offense under Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act; there must be intent to humiliate
Relied Upon
2004 CriLJ 503(AP)
K. Padma Reddy vs. Station House Officer Bellampalli
2004Andhra Pradesh High Court
Merely calling by caste is not sufficient to constitute the offense under SC/ST Act; the insult or intimidation must be done with intent to humiliate a member of that community in public view
Relied Upon

Disclaimer: eCourtsIndia (ECI) is not a lawyer and this analysis is generated by ECI AI, it might make mistakes. This is not a legal advice. Please consult with a qualified legal professional for matters requiring legal expertise.

Order Issued After Hearing

Purpose:

[Bail Applications U/S 438 Cr.P.C.]

Before:

Hon'ble M.K. Mudgal

Listed On:

25 Aug 2014

Order Text

MCRC.7123.2014. 1

Koksingh Maghaya Vs. State of M.P. 25.8.2014.

Applicant by Shri Amit Bansal Advocate.

Respondent/state by Shri Pramod Pachauri PP.

Case diary is available for perusal.

The applicant has filed this first application under Section 438 of Cr.P.C for grant of anticipatory bail apprehending his arrest in connection with Crime No.212 of 2014 PS City Bhitarwar Gwalior for offence under Sections 294, 352 of IPC and 3 (1) (x) of SC ST Act.

Learned counsel for the applicant submits that the applicant has been falsely implicated in this case due to political vengeance and he has not committed any offence as alleged by the prosecution as the brother of applicant is President of Municipal Council Bhitarwar and complainant Mamta Khatik was having political rivalry with him. Learned counsel further submits that mere uttering the word of calling the complainant by caste does not make out an offence punishable under section 3(1)(x) of S.C.S.T. Act. In this regard learned counsel has placed reliance upon the judgment ILR (2011) M.P. 1745, Rajendra Kumar Shukla vs. State of M.P. Learned counsel further pleads that except the offence under section 3(1)(x) of S.C.S.T. Act the remaining offences are bailable. On the aforesaid grounds, learned counsel has prayed for grant of MCRC.7123.2014. 2

anticipatory bail.

Learned PP opposing the submissions made on behalf of the applicant-accused has prayed for dismissal of the bail application.

As per prosecution case, on 22.7.2014, the applicant/ accused hurled filthy abuses at the complainant belonging to scheduled caste calling her such bad names as Madar Chod, kutiya, khatikani etc. and threatened her that he would rape her.

On perusal of the record, it is evident that the complainant was abused by calling her caste name as stated earlier. As to attract section 3(1) (x) of S.C.S.T. Act the alleged insult or intimidation is to be done with intent to humiliate a member belonging to that particular community in public view. Merely call by caste is not sufficient to constitute the offence as held in the case of K. Padma Reddy vs. Station House Officer Bellampalli, 2004 CriLJ 503(AP).

Considering the facts and circumstances of the case, this court deems it appropriate to allow this application u/S 438 Cr.P.C in the following terms.

It is hereby directed that in the event of arrest, the applicant shall be released on bail on his furnishing personal bond of Rs.25,000/- (Rupees Twenty Five thousand only) with one solvent surety in the like amount MCRC.7123.2014. 3

to the satisfaction of Arresting Authority.

This order will remain operative subject to compliance of the following conditions by the applicant :-

    1. The applicant shall comply with all the terms and conditions of the bond executed by him;
    1. The applicant shall cooperate in the investigation/trial, as the case may be;
    1. The applicant shall not indulge himself in extending inducement, threat or promise to any person acquainted with the facts of the case so as to dissuade him from disclosing such facts to the Court or to the Police Officer, as the case may be; A copy of this order be sent to the Court concerned for compliance.

C.c. as per rules.

(M.K.Mudgal) Judge.

Rks./van

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Case History of Orders

Order(1) - 25 Aug 2014

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