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Kondapalli Satyavathi vs. Kondapalli Appala Swamy S/O. Late Veerraju

Final Order
Court:Punjab & Haryana, Special (High Court)
Judge:Hon'ble G.V.Seethapathy
Case Status:Unknown Status
Order Date:1 Aug 2012
CNR:HBHC010561032012

AI Summary

In a significant procedural victory for property partition litigants, the Andhra Pradesh High Court set aside an order that had prevented cross-examination of a defendant's witness due to counsel unavailability. The court recognized the substantial property rights at stake and granted the plaintiffs a second opportunity to cross-examine the witness, emphasizing that evidence must not go untested in matters involving immoveable property disputes.

Ratio Decidendi:
In civil litigation involving substantial rights in immoveable properties, where a party is deprived of the opportunity to cross-examine the opposing party's witness due to procedural lapses (such as counsel's absence caused by genuine reasons like the party's illness), the High Court may exercise its revisional jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution to set aside the order preventing cross-examination and grant the party a second opportunity to cross-examine the witness, subject to payment of costs, to ensure that the trial court has access to complete evidence and can arrive at a just decision.
Obiter Dicta:
The court's observation that 'the suit involves substantial rights of the parties in the immoveable properties' and that 'the testimony of D.W.1 does not go untested and the trial Court will have the opportunity to appreciate the entire evidence which would help in arriving at a just decision in the matter' suggests a judicial philosophy that prioritizes substantive justice and complete evidence over strict procedural adherence, particularly in property disputes.

Case Identifiers

Primary Case No:C.R.P.No.3472 of 2012
Case Type:Civil Revision Petition
Case Sub-Type:CRP Article 227 - Revision Against Interlocutory Order
Secondary Case Numbers:Filing Number: 17368/2012, Registration Number: 3472/2012, CNR: HBHC010561032012
Order Date:2012-08-01
Filing Year:2012
Court:High Court of Judiciature of Andhra Pradesh, at Hyderabad
Bench:Single Judge
Judges:Hon'ble G.V. Seethapathy

Petitioner's Counsel

Siva Sankara Rao Borra
Advocate - Appeared

eCourtsIndia AITM

Brief Facts Summary

The petitioners filed a suit for partition and separate possession of immoveable property against the respondents in the district court. After the written statement was filed and issues were settled, the trial commenced with evidence being recorded from both sides. During the trial, when the defendant's first witness (D.W.1) was being examined, the plaintiffs' counsel was absent because the first plaintiff was unwell and could not contact the counsel. As a result, the cross-examination of D.W.1 was treated as 'nil' and the witness's evidence was closed on 29.08.2011. Subsequently, the plaintiffs filed an application under Section 151 CPC seeking to reopen the evidence to cross-examine D.W.1. The trial court rejected this application by order dated 14.03.2012. The plaintiffs then filed a civil revision petition in the High Court challenging this rejection.

Timeline of Events

2008

Original suit (O.S.No.55 of 2008) for partition and separate possession filed in the Additional District Judge's court, Rajahmundry

2008-2011

Written statement filed by respondents/defendants contesting the suit; issues settled; trial commenced; evidence recorded from both sides

2011-08-29

Defendant's first witness (D.W.1) was examined; plaintiffs' counsel was absent due to first plaintiff being unwell; cross-examination was treated as 'nil' and witness evidence was closed

2012-03-14

Trial court rejected the plaintiffs' application (I.A.No.728 of 2012) filed under Section 151 CPC seeking to reopen evidence for cross-examination

2012-07-04

Civil Revision Petition (C.R.P.No.3472 of 2012) filed in the High Court of Andhra Pradesh challenging the trial court's order

2012-07-25

Revision petition registered in the High Court

2012-08-01

High Court heard the petition and delivered the order allowing the revision petition and granting the petitioners an opportunity to cross-examine D.W.1

Key Factual Findings

The suit involves substantial rights of the parties in immoveable properties

Source: Current Court Finding

The testimony of D.W.1 had gone untested due to the absence of cross-examination

Source: Current Court Finding

The first plaintiff was unwell on 29.08.2011 and could not contact the counsel

Source: Recited from Petitioner Pleading

The counsel was not present when the matter was called on 29.08.2011

Source: Recited from Petitioner Pleading

The trial court would benefit from having complete evidence, including cross-examination of D.W.1, to arrive at a just decision

Source: Current Court Finding

Primary Legal Issues

1.Whether the trial court erred in treating cross-examination as 'nil' and closing the defendant's witness evidence without allowing the plaintiffs to cross-examine
2.Whether the plaintiffs should be given a second opportunity to cross-examine the defendant's witness under Section 151 CPC
3.Whether procedural lapses due to counsel unavailability should deprive parties of substantive rights in property disputes

Secondary Legal Issues

1.Discretionary power of the court to reopen evidence under Section 151 CPC
2.Balance between procedural strictness and substantive justice in civil trials
3.Appropriate remedy when counsel is absent during critical trial proceedings

Questions of Law

Can a trial court treat cross-examination as 'nil' when counsel is absent without giving an opportunity to the other side to cross-examine?
Should the High Court exercise its revisional jurisdiction to set aside an order that prevents cross-examination in a property dispute involving substantial rights?
What is the appropriate balance between procedural compliance and substantive justice in civil litigation?

Statutes Applied

Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
Section 151
Section 151 CPC provides the court with inherent powers to make orders necessary for the ends of justice. The petitioners invoked this section to seek reopening of evidence for cross-examination. The court applied this section to grant relief, emphasizing that the inherent powers should be used to ensure substantive justice in matters involving substantial rights.

Petitioner's Arguments

The petitioners argued that: (1) On 29.08.2011, the first plaintiff was unwell and could not contact the counsel; (2) The counsel was not present when the matter was called; (3) As a result, cross-examination of D.W.1 was treated as 'nil' without any opportunity being given to the plaintiffs; (4) This was procedurally unfair and deprived them of their right to test the defendant's evidence; (5) The suit involves substantial rights in immoveable properties; (6) Under Section 151 CPC, the court has inherent powers to grant relief to ensure substantive justice; (7) The plaintiffs should be given another opportunity to cross-examine D.W.1 to ensure the trial court has the complete picture of evidence before deciding the case.

Respondent's Arguments

The respondents did not appear before the High Court. No arguments were presented on their behalf. The respondents had presumably opposed the application in the trial court, but their specific arguments are not detailed in this order.

Court's Reasoning

The High Court's reasoning proceeded as follows: (1) The court acknowledged that the suit involves substantial rights of the parties in immoveable properties, which is a significant consideration; (2) The court recognized that the testimony of D.W.1 had gone untested due to the absence of cross-examination; (3) The court noted that the trial court would benefit from having the complete evidence, including the cross-examination of D.W.1, to arrive at a just decision; (4) The court considered that procedural lapses, particularly when counsel is absent due to genuine reasons (plaintiff's illness), should not result in deprivation of substantive rights; (5) The court exercised its revisional jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution to set aside the impugned order; (6) The court granted the petitioners an opportunity to cross-examine D.W.1, subject to payment of costs of Rs. 500 to the other side as a measure of fairness; (7) The court made it clear that if the petitioners fail to avail this opportunity, the trial court shall proceed further in accordance with law.

Statutory Interpretation Method:
Purposive Interpretation - The court interpreted Section 151 CPC purposively to advance the ends of justice rather than strictly limiting its applicationHarmonious Construction - The court balanced procedural requirements with substantive justice considerations
Judicial Philosophy Indicators:
  • Emphasis on Substantive Justice - The court prioritized ensuring a fair trial and complete evidence over strict procedural compliance
  • Consideration of Practical Hardship - The court recognized the genuine hardship caused by the plaintiff's illness and counsel's unavailability
  • Protection of Property Rights - The court emphasized the importance of protecting substantial rights in immoveable property disputes
  • Fairness in Trial Process - The court ensured that evidence is not left untested, which is fundamental to a fair trial
Order Nature:Substantive
Disposition Status:Disposed
Disposition Outcome:Allowed

Impugned Orders

Additional District Judge, Rajahmundry
Case: O.S.No.55 of 2008, I.A.No.728 of 2012
Date: 2012-03-14

Specific Directions

  1. 1.Petitioners/Plaintiffs are permitted to cross-examine D.W.1 (Defendant's Witness 1) on a date fixed by the trial court
  2. 2.Payment of costs of Rs. 500 to the other side is mandatory
  3. 3.In the event of failure to avail the opportunity to cross-examine, the trial court shall proceed further with the matter in accordance with law
  4. 4.The impugned order dated 14.03.2012 in I.A.No.728 of 2012 is set aside

Precedential Assessment

Persuasive (Other High Court)

This is a single judge order from the Andhra Pradesh High Court dealing with a procedural matter under Article 227 of the Constitution. While it is not binding on other High Courts, it provides persuasive authority on the exercise of revisional jurisdiction to ensure substantive justice in property disputes. The order is particularly relevant for practitioners in Andhra Pradesh and may be cited as persuasive authority in other High Courts dealing with similar procedural issues.

Tips for Legal Practice

1.Counsel should ensure personal presence or arrange for adequate representation during critical trial proceedings, particularly during examination and cross-examination of witnesses, as absence may result in loss of opportunity to test evidence and payment of costs.
2.Parties should promptly file applications under Section 151 CPC to reopen evidence when procedural lapses occur, as courts are inclined to grant relief to ensure substantive justice in property disputes involving substantial rights.
3.The High Court's revisional jurisdiction under Article 227 can be invoked to correct orders that deprive parties of fundamental procedural rights, particularly when the deprivation is due to circumstances beyond the party's control (such as illness of the party or counsel's unavailability).

Legal Tags

Revisional jurisdiction High Court Article 227 Constitution IndiaCross-examination witness rights civil trial procedure fairnessSection 151 Code of Civil Procedure inherent powers courtsProperty partition dispute substantial rights immoveable property protectionProcedural lapses counsel absence substantive justice balance civil litigationInterlocutory order revision High Court trial court evidence reopeningWitness examination opportunity procedural justice civil trial IndiaCosts awarded reopening evidence cross-examination opportunity granted partiesTrial court discretion evidence recording witness examination procedureFamily property dispute partition suit procedural and substantive rights

Disclaimer: eCourtsIndia (ECI) is not a lawyer and this analysis is generated by ECI AI, it might make mistakes. This is not a legal advice. Please consult with a qualified legal professional for matters requiring legal expertise.

Order Issued After Hearing

Purpose:

First Hearing

Listed On:

1 Aug 2012

Order Text

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICIATURE OF ANDHRA PRADESH, AT HYDERABAD

TUESDAY, THE FIRST DAY OF AUGUST TWO THOUSAND AND TWELEVE

PRESENT::

HON'BLE SRI JUSTICE G.V.SEETHAPATHY C.R.P.No.3472 OF 2012

Between:-

Kondapalli Satyavathi @ Satya Devi and two others …Petitioners

A n d

Kondapalli appala Swamy and 9 others

…Respondents

HON'BLE SRI JUSTICE G.V.SEETHAPATHY C.R.P.No.3472 OF 2012

ORDER:

This civil revision petition is directed against the order dated 14.03.2012 in I.A.No.728 of 2012 in O.S.No.55 of 2008, on the file of the Additional District Judge, Rajahmundry, wherein the said application filed by the petitioners herein, the plaintiffs, under Section 151 CPC for reopening the evidence of the defendants to cross-examine D.W.1, was dismissed.

  1. Heard the learned counsel for the petitioners. None appears for the respondents. Perused the record.

  2. The petitioners filed the suit for partition and separate possession. Respondents/defendants filed written statement contesting the suit. After settlement of issues, the trial of the suit is commenced and evidence on both sides was recorded. As the plaintiffs were not ready to cross-examine D.W.1, cross-examination was treated as 'nil' and D.W.1's evidence was closed on 29.08.2011. The learned counsel for the petitioner would submit that on that date, the 1 <sup>s</sup> <sup>t</sup> plaintiff who was looking after the matter was unwell and could not contact the counsel and the counsel was also not present when the matter was called and cross-examination of D.W.1 was treated as 'nil'.

  3. Having regard to the fact that the suit involves substantial rights of the parties in the immoveable properties, it is considered that an opportunity be given to the plaintiffs to cross-examine D.W.1 so that the testimony of D.W.1 does not go untested and the trial Court will have the opportunity to appreciate the entire evidence which would help in arriving at a just decision in the matter. In that view of the matter, the petitioners/plaintiffs are permitted to cross-examine D.W.1 on a date fixed by the trial Court subject to payment of costs of Rs.500/- to other side and in the event of their failure to avail the said opportunity, the trial Court shall proceed further with the matter in accordance with law. The impugned order is

accordingly set aside.

  1. In the result, the civil revision petition is allowed. Miscellaneous petitions, if any, stand closed. There shall be no order as to costs.

G.V.SEETHAPATHY, J

____________________

01 st August, 2012 Lrkm

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